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Cisco CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: 10 ISIS Details You Must Know!

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Earning your CCNP certification and passing the BSCI exam depends on knowing the details of many Cisco technologies, ISIS chief among them. To help you prepare for exam success, here's a list of ISIS terminology and basic concepts that will help you pass this tough exam. Enjoy!

ISIS Terms:

Domain: section of the network under common administrative control

Area: logical segment of the network composed of contiguous routers and their data links

Intermediate System: A router.

End System: A host device.

The four levels of ISIS routing:

Level 0: ES-IS routing in the same subnet.

Level 1: IS-IS routing in the same area.

Level 2: IS-IS routing in the same domain.

Level 3: Inter-domain routing performed by InterDomain Routing Protocol (IDRP).

ISIS Adjacency Possibilities:

L1: Can form adjacency with any L1 in the same area and any L1/L2 in the same area.

L2: Can form adjacency with any L2 in any area, and with an L1/L2 in any area.

L1/L2: Can form adjacency with any L1 in the same area, L1/L2 in any area, and L2 in any area.

A router interfaces SNPA (Subnetwork Point Of Attachment) is its highest DLCI number if its on a Frame network, and its MAC address if the interface is on an Ethernet segment.

ISIS Hello Types:

ESH: ES Hello Sent by End Systems to discover a router.

ISH: IS Hello Send by Intermediate Systems to announce their presence. End Systems listen for these.

IIH: IS-to-IS Hello Send by one IS to be heard by another IS. These hellos makes IS-IS adjacencies possible.

Best of luck on your CCNP exams!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including Cisco CCNA certification test prep articles. His exclusive Cisco CCNA study guide and Cisco CCNA training is also available!

Visit his blog and sign up for Cisco Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available, and you can attend an in-person or online CCNA boot camp with The Bryant Advantage!

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AdSense is a fantastic product that has provided many webmasters with a decent income. Some webmasters have even become millionaires on AdSense income alone.

It is understandable that Google are very strict when it comes to fraud. Webmasters who click on their own ads arent stealing from Google theyre stealing from the advertiser who has placed the ad with Google. If Google werent hot on finding and banning fraudsters their AdWord customer base would diminish as advertisers lost all faith in the scheme and choose another online advertising strategy.

Sometimes however Google gets it wrong and ban someone from their scheme who is innocent. Once Google ban you from AdSense it is notoriously difficult to prove your innocence and get accepted back onto the scheme.

It may be difficult but its not impossible.

How do I know this?

Well I was banned incorrectly by Google from AdSense and managed to prove my innocence, get reinstated and have been earning decent AdSense money ever since. If you find yourself in the same position hopefully reading my story will help you get re-instated on the AdSense programme.

OK lets start at the beginning. Id built my first website and applied for AdSense. I didnt hear anything for three weeks so I asked them if I could have an update via the Google website. Within 48 hours they sent the following reply.

Hello Paul Middleton,

Your AdSense account was found to be related to an account previously disabled
for invalid click activity and we have therefore disabled your account.
Publishers disabled for invalid click activity are not allowed further
participation in AdSense and do not receive any further payment.
The earnings on your account will be properly returned to the affected advertisers.

As outlined in our programme Terms and Conditions, Google reserves the right to terminate any publisher's participation at any time.

Sincerely,

The Google AdSense Team

Well I can assure you I was surprised and a bit upset. Id never had an AdSense account in my life so how could my account be related to anything let alone an account previously disabled for invalid click activity!

I was at a loss. What could I do? I knew I was innocent but Google obviously thought otherwise. Google dont provide a phone support line so I had no one to ask.

I trawled the AdSense forums for answers and various theories were given some seemed a bit far-fetched but one stuck a chord. Possibly the previous owner of your domain was guilty of click fraud and now your domain is blacklisted. This made some sense as Id only purchased the domain a few weeks earlier. This had to be it.

I then thought of a reply that would go some way to proving my innocence and ended up sending the following.

Hi guys,

Thanks for the reply.

I have never had an active AdSense account so it can not have been me that had the 'invalid click activity'.

My only thought is that a previous owner of the domain makingonlinemoney.com had their account disabled for this??

Please see the whois data below which shows that I have only owned the domain since May this year. The domain was available and I have no idea who owned it before me. I can get godaddy.com to confirm this if required.

I am keen to try the AdSense programme and can assure you I will fully respect your Terms and Conditions and programme policies if accepted onto your scheme.

I would ask therefore that you enable the account if my site meets your criteria.

If you have any further questions regarding my ownership of the makingonlinemoney.com domain please let me know. As I said I will be happy to get further confirmation from godaddy.com if required.

Thanks & Rgds, Paul.

I didnt get a reply for a week so I resent the above email. The next day I got the following from Google.

Re: Disapproved application.

Hello Paul,

Thank you for your email.

We apologise if the prior disapproval of your application was made in error.

We've now reviewed and approved your application. Please check for a separate application approval email for your records. The approval email also includes detailed instructions on how to access your new account and get started.

Great!! I was in and able to start making money with the AdSense scheme.

So what is my advice to people who get banned from AdSense incorrectly?

I have four points of advice for anyone unfortunate enough to be in the same position as me.

1. Be patient. AdSense is constantly growing in terms of participants and the AdSense team gets thousands of requests a day regarding their scheme. Dont be to upset if you dont hear back from them in 48 hours. If a week has passed since your communication resend.

2. Be polite! Quite often I hear of people banned from AdSense who go in with all guns blazing. I can understand that people are angry and frustrated by being accused of something they didnt do but remember youre dealing with human beings. Human beings dont react positively to being ordered to do something or worse verbally abused. To increase your chances of a positive outcome be firm but polite at all times.

3. Provide evidence to back up your innocence. If possible include evidence to help prove your innocence. I included my whois data for my domain to prove I had only owned the domain a few weeks. I also offered to provide any further information they required.

4. Never give up! If youre innocent dont give up. If after emailing them several times using the above techniques you dont get anywhere find the details of Googles head office for your area (use Google!) give them a call and ask to speak to the AdSense team. Write letters offer to meet them in person.

If youve been banned from AdSense and it was your fault the above technique wont work. There is however a common sense of getting back in to the scheme that has worked in the past for people caught cheating. Thats another article though.

Paul Middleton is a successful Internet entrepreneur. He shares some of his secrets on his website where he shows people how you can make money online working from home. Included are details of how you can have an adsense business.

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Blogger BlogNet84761: Aug 11, 2008

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